Pathways to Resilience III: Beyond Nature vs. Nurture

Adolescent Resilience:

Abstract #160
Development of Resiliency Scale For Filipino Adolescents
Presenter: Marissa Cadao
Abstract:
The study attempted to develop a Resiliency Scale that will measure the resilience level of the Filipino adolescents. An 80-item Likert-type Scale, consisting of 47 positive statements and 33 negative statements was developed. The scale measures five clusters of resiliency factors identified in the researches conducted by Banaag (1997), Bautista (2001) and Bogar (2006): Interpersonal Skills, Competence, High self-regard, Spirituality and Helpful life circumstances. The Resiliency Scale was used in two settings: school setting with 160 first year college students and rehabilitation center setting with 59 adolescents from three orphanages in Metro Manila.  After subjecting the data to statistical analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha values of .776  and .777 for the first and second parts of the test respectively, were obtained. Further analysis pointed out that resiliency scores are significantly related with respondents’ scores in Emotional Stability and Sociability subscales in Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (Pearson r = .541 and .495 respectively), and with Pasao Self-Concept Rating Scale scores (Pearson r = .659) all set at .01 level of significance. However, it is not related with the scores in Hope Scale. It was concluded that the Resiliency Scale developed has a degree of validity and reliability and it can be used as a measure of resiliency among Filipino adolescents. Several recommendations were forwarded for further development of the instrument.

Abstract #240
Filipino Resilience Scale And Its Implication to Counseling Adolescents
Presemter: Cecilia Resurreccion
Abstract:
Background: There is need for greater clarity around the construct of resilience as it relates to Filipino culture and to the period of adolescence. Resilience is one of the several strengths of Filipinos that can assist young people in positive life adaptation as they face major changes and challenges in their adolescent years. Knowing this can guide the development of interventions for prevention of adverse psychological outcomes and promotion of positive youth development. Objective: The study developed a 5-point Filipino Resilience Scale for adolescents to explore the construct of resilience and gauge their level of resilience. Methods : A mixed method research design, Qualitative and quantitative method, was used. The 85-item scale was administered to a sample of college students (n=850) aged 16-21. Each self-rated on a 5-point scale (0-4) with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The reliability, validity and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated and reference scores were established. Results: The FRS demonstrated sound psychometric properties. Factor analysis yielded four factors. It has confirmed the initial framework provided during the initial conceptualization of the scale items which are Appraisal, Adaptation and Growth except for a new factor that emerged from the data, External resources that include Spirituality and Family/social support which speak so distinctly of Filipino culture. Conclusion:The study confirms that the FRS is a potentially useful instrument to measure resilience among adolescents.